In what way does act 1 scene 5 of Twelfth Night prepare the audience for events that happen in the rest of the play Essay Example For Students

In what way does act 1 scene 5 of Twelfth Night prepare the audience for events that happen in the rest of the play Essay Twelfth Night is the play we have been studying in class, written by William Shakespeare. It is named Twelfth Night because twelve days after Christmas up to twelfth night on 6th January, was a time of celebrations and festivities, often known as the feast of fools, where all kinds of foolishness, trickery and sham were allowed. The play is set in an enchanted dreamland called Illyria. A fictitious world, full of magical possibilities and romantic comedy, where anything can possibly happen. Illyria is also a secure place, for example brother finds sister, lovers will marry and time itself will resolve any tangling difficult situations, because sometimes Illyria is also an unreliable world of disguise and mistaken identity. I swear I am not what I seem is Viola speaking, disguised as Cesario. The name Illyria also helps with the reinforcement of the fictions and exotic picture of the dreamland, something that was important because everyday life could be tough in those days. The accepted view of love in the Elizabethan times was that personal preference was unimportant, and it was up to parents and relatives to arrange their sons and daughters marriages amongst upper class and rich families in order to level or uphold their wealth, land and power. Shakespeare proved otherwise in this play as we saw the rich countess lady Olivia fall in love with the servant Cesario. Aside in a soliloquy Olivia reveals her love affections for Viola, catch the play Methinks I feel this youths perfections. Shakespeares aim was to send a message out to people that love was a very important and complex matter in their lives, and that love wasnt about wealth, power or control, but of secure happy relationships. This is a summary of the following events that occur in Act 1 Scene 5; Olivias maid Maria is furious at Olivias Clown as he continues to joke about with her relation ship with Sir Toby, but is ordered to leave by Olivia. Feste challenges Olivia by offering to prove her a fool by pointing out that she should not mourn her brother since he is in a better place, namely heaven. The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brothers soul being in heaven. Olivia is satisfied, but Olivias uptight steward, Malvolio is not, regarding Feste as old and lacking in wit no more brain than a stone. Olivia gives us an insight into Malvolios arrogant and vain character by saying that he suffers from self-love. Cesario request for lady Olivias presence, eventually gaining her audience. Lady Olivia is quite taken by Cesario but tells him she cannot return Orsinos affections stating, I cannot love him. Lady Olivia however requests that she would like to see Cesario again, asking him to come back to report to her how Orsino took the news. Impressed by Cesario speech and attitudes, Lady Olivia sends Malvolio after him to give back a ring. The theme of the events in act1 scene5 focus on the confusing love triangle with a dramatic irony underneath it. Orsino is crazy in love with Olivia, but Olivia has fallen is love with Viola (Cerario) and Viola is in love with Orsino. Viola has disguised herself as gentleman to work as a messenger for the Count Orsino. She attempts to woo lady Olivia for Orsino, even though she is deeply in love with him herself. She reveals her fear at the consequences her actions will have in wooing lady Olivia when she states in an aside, Whoer I woo, myself would be his wife terrified that she may never have a chance to become Orinos mistress. Nevertheless despite her great efforts at wooing Olivia, she is unsuccessful as Olivia insists that she cannot love Orsino back, I cannot love him. .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e , .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .postImageUrl , .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e , .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:hover , .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:visited , .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:active { border:0!important; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:active , .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e76853cb6fc83afe14881a1a5e9570e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: With close reference to the play explore the extent to which 'falling in love' and other events happen too quickly to be credible EssayYet what Viola doesnt realise until later on is that Olivia is falling madly in love with her, as Olivia confesses in a soliloquy Even so quickly may one catch the play? The dramatic irony here is that all the characters are fooled into believing that Cesario is a truthful decent young man, and whats more terrible is that Olivia is deceived into falling in love with Cesario by his impressing speech and charming appearance although the audience are completely of Olivia great affections for Cesario but are aware that Cesarios real identity i s a woman. Violas disguise creates suspense and comedy at the same time her disguise affects her life miserably, because she cannot reveal her love to the Duke Orsino, and has unintentionally misled Olivia into falling in love with her, stating Poor lady, she were better love a dream She prays, O time, thou must untangle this because it is now out of her control. Later on in the play William Shakespeare introduces the character Sebastian, Violas lost twin brother, to resolve the confusing love triangle between Orsino, Olivia and Viola. Sebastians first appearance in the play had a negative affect on Sir Toby and Sir Andrew, because they mistook him for Viola and challenge him to a duel You are well fleshed. Come on but resulted injured by Sebastian as Sir Andrew reports to Lady Olivia Has broke my head across, and has given Sir Toby a bloody coxcomb. Although, his presence has a much greater affect on Olivia as she is provided with a real husband who she believes she is in love with, and Viola is reunited back with her brother whom she feared was dead. To express varieties of moods throughout the play and make it easier for the audience to be able to differentiate the higher class people in society from the lower class uneducated people, Shakespeare uses different forms of writing to achieve its purpose. For example in Act1 Scene5 he has used a poetic verse and fear to find a flatter of my mind we do not owe and be this so to signalise to the coming end of the scene. Shakespeare also uses blank verse Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit Do give thee five-fold blazon. Not too fast! Soft, soft! to specifically illustrate and express the elevated characters feelings and mood. The last form of writing Shakespeare uses in this play is called prose; ordinary language used by characters in the lower class of the society. For instance when the character Malvolio discovers the love letter from Lady Olivia he begins to express his thoughts aloud in a prose language as he continues Daylight and is champain not more! This is open. I will be proud, read politic authors, I will baffle Sir Toby but prose also emphasizes comic relief. The subplot within the play intensifies comic relief. Foolish tricks are played on Malvolio by a few other characters, which led by Malvolio thoughtlessly believing that Lady Olivia actually loves him. They play these tricks on him because hes an arrogant, self-centred and uptight man, who tries to make life difficult for everyone and believes there should be no enjoyment out of life. This is also a greater opportunity for everyon e to have some additional laughter in this great period of festivities. Shakespeares intentions here were to inform those people who tried to make life difficult for everyone else that people did not appreciate their attitudes and will not stand for it. Twelfth Night consists of many love types of love like romantic love, love at first sight and self love etc, however some of the characters who are tangled up in the web of love are blind to see that their emotions and feelings toward other characters are illusory. They are being deceived by themselves and or the others around them. .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 , .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .postImageUrl , .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 , .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:hover , .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:visited , .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:active { border:0!important; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:active , .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87 .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue04a3bf0df95405ecd8dfe2dd21eab87:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare use dramatic devices in Act 3 scene 1 of 'Romeo and Juliet' in order to make it an exciting scene point in the play? EssayFor example the Count Orsino claims to be vastly in love with lady Olivia And my desires like fell and cruel hounds Eer since pursue me but as soon as he realises that Viola loves him he quickly switches his feelings towards her and results in marrying her. The part of the play I enjoyed the most was the special reunion of the twins. Sebastian had no idea that Viola was still alive, so the disbelief at seeing her again, and dressed to look like him, was touching, an apple cleft in two, describes their close resemblance. There is great emotion on both sides of this happy reunion. Finally the theme of mistaken identity is resolved, with everyone having been revealed as his or her true self. Also for the first time in this play the name Viola is correctly used, and she gets rid of her Cesario disguise, so is finally able to openly reveal on her love for Orsino when she reassures that she still loves Orsino very much when she states All those swearings I swear I will overswear. She is now able to express and act on her love for Orsino as she no longer appears like a man, but as a woman who respects and loves him. I believe that the effect of the play on the Elizabethan people was to make them realise that you couldnt choose whom to fall in love for the sake of other matters and the other message he would have been trying to sent out to people is not to take life to seriously, but to have fun and enjoy it.

Secrets About Self Introduction Essay Samples Revealed

Secrets About Self Introduction Essay Samples Revealed Whispered Self Introduction Essay Samples Secrets Sum up the primary points and main arguments that you're going to support or refute. You could state an overall problem common to the lives of the majority of people and after that go on to personalize it for yourself, relating the way that it affects you and what you're doing or will do in order to address it. Lots of people make the error of writing a paragraph that explains what they're likely to chat about in the remainder of the essay. They make the mistake of writing an introductory paragraph that explains what they are going to talk about in the rest of the essay. Finally, you will want to close your introductory paragraph. If you're offered to compose an essay in 250 words, you ought to be in a place to organize all big information about the subject in the designated word count and it should make an effect on the readers. Get the knowledge you have to have in orde r to pass your. It is better to compose an introduction that delivers the importance of the topic to be able to grab the interest of the readers. These samples are offered for you to use and print out, so you're able to tailor them to fit your needs. The duration of the introduction will differ based on the kind of research paper you're writing. There are an endless number of questions and several unique sorts of questions. Regardless of what's the goal of your essay, there's a preset number of points which you will be expected to handle. If you're asked a question that you cannot answer, say so. After you have answered that question, you are prepared to go. The questions could be seemingly straightforward. Stress-type questions are a legitimate way of determining in case you possess the raw material needed to deal with medical school and medicine for a career. Standard introduction Automatic proofreading solutions like the next Good Grammar Checker are made to be certain your English writing matches the simple grammar and punctuation rules. A thriving introduction has the ability to provide a summary of the information which the readers will be receiving in the essay. Possessing a well-written introduction is crucial to a thriving essay. Possessing a well written introduction is vital to a thriving essay. A self-introduction essay, since the name suggest, is a portion of essay containing the simple info about the writer. Below, you will observe an outstanding illustration of a 300 word essay to assist you in getting started. Strong language and robust evidence are expected to make the readers agree on what's being said by the writer in the whole essay. You're able to buy argumentative essay from a specialist writer. Leading off the subject sentence, you should now tell the reader a little more on the topic of the essay. Instead, it needs to be the bit of the essay that draws the reader in immediately, so be sure you share something meaningful in your introduction. You writing language ought to be as such that the reader receives a very clear idea what it is that you're speaking about. By obeying the above-given ideas you will readily accomplish an impactful argumentative essay. Loads of homework and research needs to be completed to be able to earn a meaningful essay. As soon as you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin trying to find an acceptable writer for your paper. You might locate a lot of tips online about how to compose a self-introduction essay, but here are a few tips that you might discover useful. At did you consider the book. If you're still unsure about your introduction, our essay editors would like to provide you with some feedback. When you have honed down your book content desire you then must choose where to search for your book. So far as academic writings are involved, the author is going to be supplied with an assigned topic which he should elaborate. The Nuiances of Self Introduction Essay Samples Self introduction truly is a very difficult endeavor. To find out more about what things to anticipate from the study of medicine, have a look at our Study Medicine in the usa section. Dwelling just on the introduction is not a simple job. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism.

Essay Topics on Nature Vs Nurture - Essay Topic Ideas

Essay Topics on Nature Vs Nurture - Essay Topic IdeasNature vs. Nurture in the essay writing process is one of the most important aspects that you need to consider in order to have an essay that will impress a higher level of teacher. Writing a good essay requires your essay to be short and clear so as to grab the attention of your professor or high school counselor. However, if your essay does not capture the attention of the reader then there is no way your writing will pass the test that you need it to pass.One of the most important aspect that you need to think about when it comes to the topic of this essay is what type of knowledge does the student possess. Is the student in a community college or a university? Is he/she a student who has studied for a little while and is returning to school for the first time? What kind of background does the student have?If the student is a student with a lower grade level, then it is important that you think about his/her course material, car eer choices, and social circle. This helps you come up with a proper opinion of the student so as to make sure that you use only facts and data instead of making up assumptions. For example, if a student has an honors history class or honors math class, that would mean that the student is in a hard area, so you should be careful to avoid writing such a conclusion.If the particular student has just begun his/her career, you should think about the student's career goals and the type of work that is expected of him/her. Will he/she like to take a promotion from a job where there is a lot of responsibility? Can the student still handle the social pressure?When writing an essay on nature vs. nurture, it is important that you ask the student questions. You can ask questions in writing or by asking the student to write the answers. Forexample, you might ask the student about the importance of time management. You can also ask the student how important it is to learn about Nature vs. Nurtur e.For example, a student could write a detailed answer to the question 'Does nature or nurture teach individuals the ability to succeed?' With this question, you would have more details to base your answer on. It is important that you take into consideration all the facts to come up with a conclusion so that the teacher would be impressed by your essay.Remember that it is important to come up with different topics that would help you to discuss what nature vs. nurture has to offer. It is easy to come up with topics but it is important that you think about what is natural and what is not. If you do this, then you will be able to come up with a great essay on nature vs. nurture that will land you a high grade.

Ways to Finish Your Masters Degree Papers Quickly

Ways to Finish Your Masters Degree Papers QuicklyResearch papers are a very important part of your Masters degree. So, when your Masters degree progresses, it is only natural that you start to worry about your Master's thesis or the dissertation. This has also given you the idea that if you don't finish your research paper soon, you will surely have to use an internship to finish your dissertation. These two options have turned out to be really awful because one is extremely expensive and the other can take a year to complete.What do you think you would do if you know that you have to spend more than a year or even two years finishing your research papers? Well, we have come up with some ideas for you.Taking a year off is a great option for some students who find it extremely hard to finish their research papers. A year is enough time to get rid of a lot of accumulated papers and let them pile up in your paper file. If you plan to take a year off, it is better to go into your supervi sor's office first. If you find that you need more help or want more time to accomplish your research, you can consider having a third person to assist you. This way, you will not waste a lot of time on the supervisor's office or bothering the assistant supervisor.The last option is to finish your dissertation. This can also be done by taking a year off. The reason why you need a year to finish your dissertation is because your dissertation will serve as your master's thesis. In other words, you need to finish your dissertation first before you can start on your Masters degree. Therefore, you need to learn how to properly organize your thesis.Most of the time, when you prepare your paper collection, you will put them in boxes. For example, if you are studying social work, you might put all your papers in the same box, such SOW. Another thing that you can do is put each document in a folder. This way, you will organize your papers. Besides organizing your papers, it is also important to make your dissertation attractive.Make sure that your SOW is organized and readable. Moreover, you should always put your students' names on the first page. Also, you can also use your SOW title to create a nice heading and keep your paper easy to read. Keep in mind that your thesis is your master's thesis, so always put it in the first page. Also, you need to state the date of your thesis.Master's degree research papers can take a long time. In order to be able to finish it, you should consider different things such as taking a year off, applying extra pressure, having a third person to help you or outsourcing your research. You should only consider these options if you have a good understanding of your research topics. If you don't have a good understanding, it will take more time for you to finish your research papers. Remember that you should never delay the completion of your Masters degree because the truth will catch up to you sooner or later.

How to Submit an Asylum Seekers Essay Sample Online

How to Submit an Asylum Seekers Essay Sample OnlineIf you want to submit an asylum seeker's essay sample online, you can do it on the Internet using several free resources. There are many online resources that can help you write a good essay. You need to know how to find these free resources, so that you can get the best benefits possible from them. This article will provide you with some important tips that you should follow in order to get the most out of your essay.First, you need to understand what type of essay sample you are looking for. Every Internet based writing resource has its own limits. You need to be sure that you are choosing the best essay online resource to fulfill your requirements. It is important that you are able to find the best resource for you because you need to offer convincing evidence that you are a qualified writer. You can also find a lot of free resources for such essay.Second, you need to have information that you can include in your essay. A list of information that you have about the person you are writing about will serve as proof that you are indeed qualified to write on the topic. This is one reason why you should always research and find the best resources that can help you craft a good essay. You need to get all of the information about the asylum seeker that you want to include in your essay. You can make a list of essential facts about him or her and show them in your essay.Third, you should include all of the information that you have about the person that you are writing about. This will provide you with the basis for understanding and expressing your opinion about the asylum seeker. Asking yourself the questions that you want to ask will give you the opportunity to provide some important details that you may not have had before. This is one of the most important steps that you need to take when you are writing an essay.This is an important step that you need to take in order to get good results from your work. Make s ure that you are following all of the above mentioned tips. You need to ask yourself the questions that you need to answer while you are writing the essay. This will give you the opportunity to come up with the best solution for the problem you are writing about.If you choose the right asylum seekers essay sample online that you can use to write your essay, you will be able to submit your essay very easily. You will find all of the relevant resources on the Internet that you need to help you in writing an essay.So, learn how to submit an asylum seeker's essay online and get the job done. You can start today by reading this article and learning about the best places to find free resources that can help you in writing a quality essay.

Judaism an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Judaism by Expert Dr Olivia | 05 Oct 2016 "The beliefs and practice of religion play a vital role in a person's everyday life, and influence uniqueness in their culture". (direct essays 2002-2007)The ancient tradition and faith are the pillars on which a person image, culture, and nation solidly rest. Judaism's central belief is that people of all religion are children of God, and are equal before God. (direct essays 2002-2007) Ethics is a very important requirement in the life of Jewish people. Judaism does not require that people should convert to Judaism in order to achieve salvation, it emphasizes the notion of monotheism, the idea that there is one God. Need essay sample on "Judaism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Zionism is the national movement which marks the return of Jewish people to their homeland, Israel. It has certain concrete political and spiritual aims at the resumption of sovereignty in the Land of Israel. The term Zionism was coined in 1890 by Nathan Bird Baum. (A definition of Zionism(2007). "We want to lay the foundation stone of the house which is to shelter the Jewish nation," and " Zionism is a return to the Jewish fold even before it is a return to the Jewish land." A few days later, Herzl wrote: "[I] gradually worked the people up into the atmosphere of a State and made them feel that they were its National Assembly." (Friedman & Carciente, 1992-2007)2Theodore Herzl became the prophet and creator of the Zionist movement. Undergraduates Very Often Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper today? Essay writer professionals recommend: Your Academic Success Is Our Goal Cheap Writing Services Write A Paper Online Cheap Essays Within Hours Cheap Writing Service Reviews Herzl led a life of contradiction while growing up, studying and getting into a successful profession in Europe. With his background, Herzl could completely assimilate in Vienna, which was the hub of cultural and intellectual activity, but it was also a place where he would encounter the darkness of anti-Semitism. For many young and sensitive Europen Jews of Herzl's generation being born Jewish was a curse. It could be felt in social interaction in universities(because of which Herzl quit the Fraternity he had joined), they were denied entrance to government positions, to national banks, to high army ranks and to positions of real power. "One of the greatest of composers and conductors, Gustav Mahler, had to convert to Catholicism in order to get his contract to conduct the Vienna Opera and the Vienna Philharmonic, the musical positions which were fully worthy of his greatness. Otto Wengen, a brilliant young philosopher, committed suicide out of profound Jewish self-hatred." (Friedma n & Carciente, 1992-2007). These events of that period had made a profound impact on his own Jewish identity and on his thinking about the problems of being a Jew. Herzl had the luxury of being a reporter: he could play the role of being an observer, a witness, or someone in the audience; in fact, what he saw was hitting home. This was probably the first powerful indication to Herzl that while Jews may have achieved legal equality in much of Europe, they (and he among them) continued to be outsiders socially. In too much of what he read whether in German or in French and in too much of Viennese and Parisian politics, anti-Semitism was "in the air". (Friedman & Carciente, 1992-2007). Ahad Ha-am was considered an important contributor to the Jewish character of the modern Jewish state. He basically used his excellent mind and writing skills to outline the need for a Jewish character for the new Jewish state. At the end of 1800's and beginning of 1900's, which marks the beginning of the Zionism, the Jew were down and scattered in many directions. Herzl was not ready to address the Zionist congress, did not even reveal his dream. Life in Israel was wrought with danger from Arabs and disease. It was Ahad Ha-am who proposed a rigorous training program in Europe to give the agricultural skills to those who desired to emigrate along with philosophy to carry them through the difficult period of re-adjustment. He advocated continuity between tradition and the emergence of the new Israeli culture. He felt that without the traditional Jewish values, the Zionist dream would turn into a secular state devoid of inherent Jewish values. Ahad Ha-am clashed with the other leaders of Zionism, notably Herzl and Nordau. He basically used his excellent mind and writing skills to outline the need for a Jewish character for the new Jewish state. A man of tremendous stature and influence in his lifetime, today his works are perhaps too philosophical for a generation of enjoyment seekers. (Rosenbarf, February 2004) Work Cited Direct Essays, Christianity and Judaism, 2002-2007, www.directessays.com/viewpaper/39913.html C A definition of Zionism(2007). Retrieved February 20, 2007, from Jewish Virtual Library Web site: www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/zionism.html0 Friedman & Carciente, Dr.Motti & Esther (1992-2007). Herzl Creates the Zionist Movement. Retrieved February 20, 2007, from Israel and Zionism (Friedman & Carciente, 1992-2007)2-2 0 Rosenbarf, Sidney (February 2004). The Influence of Ahad Ha-Am on modern Israel. Retrieved February 20, 2007, from Ahad Ha-Am Web site: www.jewishmag.com/76mag/ahadhaam/ahadhaam.htm (Rosenbarf, February 2004)07o

Operation Cobra in World War II

Operation Cobra in World War II Operation Cobra was conducted from July 25 to 31, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945). After the Allied landings in Normandy, commanders began to formulate a plan to push out from the beachhead. Initial efforts were hampered by the need to take the city of Caen in the east and the dense hedgerow country in the west. Seeking to launch a major breakout, General Omar Bradley sought to focus the Allies efforts on a narrow front west of St. Là ´. Moving forward on July 25 after the area had been heavy bombed, American troops achieved a breakthrough. By the third day, most organized German resistance had been overcome and the speed of the advance increased. Coupled with assaults by British and Canadian forces, Operation Cobra led to the collapse of the German position in Normandy. Background Landing in Normandy on D-Day (June 6, 1944), Allied forces quickly consolidated their foothold in France. Pushing inland, American forces in the west encountered difficulty negotiating the bocage of Normandy. Hampered by this vast network of hedgerows, their advance was slow. As June passed, their greatest successes came on the Cotentin Peninsula where troops secured the key port of Cherbourg. To the east, British and Canadian forces fared little better as they sought to capture the city of Caen. Grappling with the Germans, the Allied efforts around the city succeeded drawing the bulk of the enemy armor to that sector (Map). Eager to break the deadlock and begin mobile warfare, Allied leaders began planning for a breakout from the Normandy beachhead. On July 10, following the capture of the northern part of Caen, the commander of the 21st Army Group, Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, met with General Omar Bradley, commander of the US First Army, and Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey, commander of the British Second Army, to discuss their options. Admitting progress was slow on his front, Bradley put forward a breakout plan dubbed Operation Cobra which he hoped to launch on July 18. Lt. Gen. Omar Bradley (center) with Lt. General George S. Patton (left) and General Sir Bernard Montgomery (right) at 21st Army Group HQ, Normandy, 7 July 1944. Public Domain Planning Calling for a massive offensive to the west of Saint-Là ´, Operation Cobra was approved by Montgomery who also directed Dempsey to keep pressing around Caen to hold the German armor in place. To create the breakthrough, Bradley intended to focus the advance on a 7,000 yard stretch of the front south of the Saint-Là ´Ã¢â‚¬â€œPeriers Road. Prior to the attack an area measuring 6,000 Ãâ€" 2,200 yards would be subjected to heavy aerial bombardment. With the conclusion of the air strikes, the 9th and 30th Infantry Divisions from Major General J. Lawton Collins VII Corps would move forward opening a breach in the German lines. These units would then hold the flanks while the 1st Infantry and 2nd Armored Divisions drove through the gap. They were to be followed by a five or six division exploitation force. If successful, Operation Cobra would allow American forces to escape the bocage and cut off the Brittany peninsula. To support Operation Cobra, Dempsey commenced Operations Goodwood and Atlantic on July 18. Though these took substantial casualties, they succeeded in capturing the remainder of Caen and forced the Germans to retain seven of the nine panzer divisions in Normandy opposite the British. Armies Commanders Allies Field Marshal Bernard MontgomeryGeneral Omar Bradley11 divisions Germans Field Marshal Gunther von KlugeColonel General Paul Hausser8 divisions Moving Forward Though the British operations commenced on July 18, Bradley elected to delay several days due to poor weather over the battlefield. On July 24, Allied aircraft began striking the target area despite questionable weather. As a result, they accidentally inflicted around 150 friendly fire casualties. Operation Cobra finally moved forward the next morning with over 3,000 aircraft striking the front. Friendly fire continued to be an issue as the attacks inflicted a further 600 friendly fire casualties as well as killed Lieutenant General Leslie McNair (Map). Advancing around 11:00 AM, Lawtons men were slowed by surprisingly stiff German resistance and numerous strong points. Though they gained only 2,200 yards on July 25, the mood in the Allied high command remained optimistic and the 2nd Armored and 1st Infantry Divisions joined the assault the next day. They were further supported by VIII Corps which began attacking German positions to the west. Fighting remained heavy on the 26th but began to wane on the 27th as German forces began retreating in the face of the Allied advance (Map). Breaking Out Driving south, German resistance was scattered and American troops captured Coutances on July 28 though they endured heavy fighting east of the town. Seeking to stabilize the situation, the German commander, Field Marshal Gunther von Kluge, began directing reinforcements west. These were intercepted by XIX Corps which had begun advancing on VII Corps left. Encountering the 2nd and 116th Panzer Divisions, XIX Corps became embroiled in heavy combat, but succeeded in shielding the American advance to the west. German efforts were repeatedly frustrated by Allied fighter bombers which swarmed over the area. U.S. tanks pass through a wrecked street in Coutances, Normandy in their drive to the sea beyond the town. National Archives and Records Admininstration With the Americans advancing along the coast, Montgomery directed Dempsey to begin Operation Bluecoat which called for an advance from Caumont towards Vire. With this he sought to hold German armor in the east while protecting Cobras flank. As British forces rolled forward, American troops captured the key town of Avranches which opened the way into Brittany. The next day, XIX Corps succeeded in turning back the last German counterattacks against the American advance. Pressing south, Bradleys men finally succeeded in escaping the bocage and began to drive the Germans before them. Aftermath As Allied troops were enjoying success, changes took place in command structure. With the activation of Lieutenant General George S. Pattons Third Army, Bradley ascended to take over the newly-formed 12th Army Group. Lieutenant General Courtney Hodges assumed command of First Army. Entering combat, Third Army poured into Brittany as the Germans attempted to regroup. Though the German command saw no other sensible course than to withdraw behind the Seine, they were ordered to conduct a large counterattack at Mortain by Adolf Hitler. Dubbed Operation Luttich, the attack began on August 7 and was largely defeated within twenty-four hours (Map). Sweeping east, American troops captured Le Mans on August 8. With his position in Normandy collapsing rapidly, Kluges Seventh and Fifth Panzer Armies risked being trapped near Falaise. Beginning on August 14, Allied forces sought to close the Falaise Pocket and destroy the German Army in France. Though nearly 100,000 Germans escaped the pocket before it was closed on August 22, around 50,000 were captured and 10,000 killed. In addition, 344 tanks and armored vehicles, 2,447 trucks/vehicles, and 252 artillery pieces were captured or destroyed. Having won the Battle of Normandy, Allied forces advanced freely to the Seine River reaching it on August 25.